Public Space, Tourism and Mobility Projects, Impacts and Tensions in Lisbon’s Urban Regeneration Dynamics
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Published:
Sep 30, 2019
Keywords:
touristification mobility infrastructure public space urban regeneration Lisbon
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Abstract
In the wake of severe economic slowdown during the 2008-2015 crisis, and despite continued constraints on public investment in large scale infrastructure, Lisbon is emerging as one of the most attractive destinations in Europe. Tourism has been driving major spatial, functional and social changes, initially in the city’s historical districts, and nowadays exerts impact across a much larger urban and regional area. Tourism, together with new drivers of the real-estate market, is promoting the renovation of formerly vacant or rundown built stock, taking advantage of a rather fragile socio-economic milieu and changing the face of residential, commercial and public space landscapes.
Recently upgraded transportation nodes and extensive improvements on public space have also played a meaningful role in this process. Central government and municipality rationale have underpinned its role in providing accessibility, “attractivity”, and “heritage valorisation”, aiming to attract young residents after decades of resident population decline. In contrast to considerable public investment in public space and infrastructure, very limited funding or policy has been targeted at maintaining an affordable housing and real-estate market: thus leaving much of the public investment return to the private sector. Criticism of gentrification and “touristification”, rising housing prices, and pressure on infrastructure is growing accordingly.
The paper provides insight into aspects of this process, with a focus on the relational aspects of mobility upgrade, public space renewal and inner-city urban regeneration. Several urban projects are mapped and broadly characterised in their spatial and functional relationship with tourism. An interpretative framework that combines them with the forms of territorialisation and the main conflicts and tensions is offered as a contribution to the ongoing discussion. Conclusions point to the complex and powerful role that public space and mobility infrastructure play in the impact of territorialising tourism: as supports for better qualified, multi-scalar and shared urban spaces and as drivers of a more balanced, diverse and socially-inclusive urban tourism development.
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How to Cite
Santos, J. R. (2019) “Public Space, Tourism and Mobility: Projects, Impacts and Tensions in Lisbon’s Urban Regeneration Dynamics”, The Journal of Public Space, 4(2), pp. 29–56. doi: 10.32891/jps.v4i2.1203.
Section
Space
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Díaz-Parra, I. (2015). A back to the city movement by local government action: gentrification in Spain and Latin America, International Journal of Urban Sciences, 19(3), 343–363.
Dimitrovski, D., Crespi Vallbona, M. (2018). Urban food markets in the context of a tourist attraction–La Boqueria market in Barcelona, Spain, Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 397–417.
Ebejer, J. (2019). Urban heritage and cultural tourism development: a case study of Valletta’s role in Malta’s tourism. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 17(3), 306–320.
Expresso (2015). A ver passar turistas. Expresso.
Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B., Ivars-Baidal, J.A. (2018). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109–133.
Fernandes, J.A.R., Carvalho, L., Chamusca, P., Gago, A., Mendes, T. (2019). Lisboa e a Airbnb. Book Cover Editoria, Porto.
Gomes, P. (2019). The birth of public space privatization: How entrepreneurialism, convivial urbanism and stakeholder interactions made the Martim Moniz square, in Lisbon, ‘privatization-ready.’ European Urban and Regional Studies, 14–20.
Graham, S., Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism. Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition, Technology. Routledge, London and New York.
Gregotti, V. (1981). La forme du territoire. l’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, 10–15.
Guimarães, P.P.C. (2018). The Transformation of Retail Markets in Lisbon: An Analysis through the Lens of Retail Gentrification. European Planning Studies, 26(7), 1450–1470.
Hauck, T., Kleinkort, V., Keller, R. (Eds.) (2011). Infrastructural Urbanism. Addressing the In-between. DOM Publishers, Berlin.
Hayllar, B., Griffin, T., Edwards, D. (Eds.) (2008). City Spaces – Tourist Places. Urban Tourism Precints. Butterworth-Heinenmann, Oxford/Burlington.
Hoffman, L.M., Fainstein, S.S., Judd, D.R. (Eds.) (2003). Cities and Visitors – Regulating people, markets, and city space. Blackwell Publishing, Malden/Oxford.
Ingersoll, R. (2006). Sprawltown. Looking for the City on its Edges. Princeton Architectural Press, New York.
Ionline (2018). Mobilidade. Trotinetes e bicicletas invadem Lisboa. IOnline.
JLL (2015). Apartamentos turísticos em Lisboa – Um Mercado em Crescimento. JLL, Lisboa.
Jóhannesson, G.T., Huijbens, E.H. (2010). Tourism in times of crisis: Exploring the discourse of tourism development in Iceland. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 419–434.
Jones, A.L. (2017). Regenerating Urban Waterfronts — Creating Better Futures — From Commercial and Leisure Market Places to Cultural Quarters and Innovation Districts Regenerating Urban Waterfronts — Creating Better to Cultural Quarters and Innovation Districts. Planning Practice and Research, 1–12.
Jonsen-Verbeke, M. (1999). Industrial heritage: A nexus for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Geographies, 1(1), 70–85.
Jover, J., Díaz-Parra, I. (2019). Gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification in Seville, Spain. Urban Studies.
Judd, D.R. (2003). Visitors and the Spatial Ecology of the City. In: Hoffman, L.M., Fainstein, S.S., Judd, D.R. (Eds.), Cities and Visitors – Regulating People, Markets, and City Space. Blackwell Publishing, Malden/Oxford, 23–38.
Kohn, M. (2013). What is wrong with gentrification?. Urban Research and Practice, 6(3), 297–310.
Lestegás, I., Lois-González, R.C., Seixas, J. (2018). The global rent gap of Lisbon’s historic centre. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 13(4), 683–694.
Litvin, S.W., Smith, W.W., McEwen, W.R. (2019). Not in My Backyard: Personal Politics and Resident Attitudes toward Tourism. Journal of Travel Research.
Lu, J., Mao, Z., Wang, M., Hu, L. (2015). Goodbye maps, hello apps? Exploring the influential determinants of travel app adoption. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(11), 1059–1079.
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