Towards Socio-Spatial Equity in Public Space Urban Design for Street Vendors in Hyderabad
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Street vending has historically driven and dominated the informal economy in the Indian city of Hyderabad. The inception of urban migration saw a range of marginalized groups move into the city, creating stark rural-urban differences and causing residents and the city to struggle to adapt. They eventually established themselves along the river to meet daily needs and adopted street vending as a means of occupation toward sustenance. While urban design in the city actively excludes these vendors from urban belonging, they retaliate through subversive practices and tactical urbanism to impose belonging, in a quest to find their right to the city. Neoliberal policies continue to distance these disengaged communities from the city considering them undesirable through dominant concepts of unattractiveness. While the government disapproves of informal vending in the public realm in Hyderabad – especially along the Musi River – branded designer “pop-up stores” and gourmet food stalls are encouraged, advertised and publicised. Inequitable law enforcement has created turmoil in the access and right to public space in the city. This study highlights the need for strategic placemaking to build healthy relationships and equity in the city. Various perceptions of public space among street vendors are analysed to help integrate these disengaged residents in the city. The paper concludes with empirical findings for designers and planners to examine, in delivering a customized design plans articulated to prevent further distress to micro-urbanism patterns existing in the city and its urban fabric.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Authors retain copyright for articles published in The Journal of Public Space, with first publication rights granted to the journal.
Articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial Licence (CC-BY-NC) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
You are free to:
• Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material
Under the following terms:
• Attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
References
Akhter Ali, M., Kamraju, M. (2023) Exploring the Informal Sector in Hyderabad City: An Analysis of Its Structure, Challenges, and Socioeconomic Implications. ASEAN Journal of Community Service and Education 2.
Basu, S., Nagendra, H. (2020) The street as workspace: Assessing street vendors’ rights to trees in Hyderabad, India. Landscape and Urban Planning 199, 103818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103818
Batréau, Q., Bonnet, F. (2016) Managed Informality: Regulating Street Vendors in Bangkok. City & Community 15, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12150
Bayat, A. (2000) From `Dangerous Classes’ to `Quiet Rebels’: Politics of the Urban Subaltern in the Global South. International Sociology 15, 533–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/026858000015003005
Bhowmik, Sharit.K. (2003) Urban responses to street trading: India. Paper for panel entitled" Urban Responses to Street Traders: A Comparative Perspective from India.". Urban Research Symposium on Urban Development for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction.
Bhowmik, S.K. (2012) Street Vending in Ten Cities in India 174.
Bhowmik, S.K., Saha, D. (2011) Financial Accessibility of the Street Vendors in India: Cases of Inclusion and Exclusion. United Nations Development Programme 90.
Bostic, R.W., Kim, A.M., Valenzuela, A. (2016) Contesting the Streets: Vending and Public Space in Global Cities 8.
Business Standard (2018) “Right to Walk” for Hyderabad citizens.
Calaresu, M., Heuvel, D. van den (eds.) (2016) Food hawkers: selling in the streets from antiquity to the present, The history of retailing and consumption. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London; New York.
Canniffe, E. (2018) Regeneration and Resistance: Exclusive Manchester, in: Amoruso, G. (Ed.), Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 1494–1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57937-5_155
Cannon, M., Thorpe, J., Emili, S. (2019) National Street Vendor Association: Lobbying for a National Urban Street vendor Policy in India. Brighton: IDS.
Çelik, Z., Favro, D., Ingersoll, R. (eds.) (2008) Streets: critical perspectives on public space, 1. paperback print; [Nachdr.]. ed. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Certeau, M.D. (2013) The practice of everyday life. 1, 2. print. ed. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
Cohen, B., (2011a) Modernising the Urban Environment: The Musi River Flood of 1908 in Hyderabad, India. Environment and History 17, 409–432. https://doi.org/10.3197/096734011X13077054787181
Cohen, B. (2011b) Modernising the Urban Environment: The Musi River Flood of 1908 in Hyderabad, India. environ hist camb 17, 409–432. https://doi.org/10.3197/096734011X13077054787181
Crossa, V. (2009) Resisting the Entrepreneurial City: Street Vendors’ Struggle in Mexico City’s Historic Center. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33, 43–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00823.x
Deekshith, M. (2022) Street Vendors’ policy shelved. Deccan Chronicle. Available at: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/311022/street-vendors-policy-shelved.html. Accessed on: 01 December 2022.
Deekshith, M. (2021) Hyderabad hawkers deprived of availing PM SVANidhi. Deccan Chronicle. Available at: https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/210821/hyderabad-hawkers-deprived-of-availing-pm-svanidhi.html. Accessed on: 02 December 2022.
Falla, A.M.V., Valencia, S.C. (2019) Beyond state regulation of informality: understanding access to public space by street vendors in Bogotá. International Development Planning Review 41, 85–105. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2019.3
Flock, R., Breitung, W. (2016) Migrant Street Vendors in Urban China and the Social Production of Public Space: Migrant Street Vendors and Public Space. Popul. Space Place 22, 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1892
Frug, G.E. (2001) City making: building communities without building walls, 4. print., and 1. paperback print. ed. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
Government of India (2020) PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) [WWW Document]. myScheme - One-stop search and discovery platform of the Government schemes. URL https://myscheme.gov.in (accessed 4.19.24).
Government of India (2006) National Policy for Urban Street Vendors 43.
Graaff, K., Ha, N. (eds.) (2015) Street vending in the neoliberal city: a global perspective on the practices and policies of a marginalized economy. Berghahn Books, New York ; Oxford.
Hartnett, J. (2017) The Roman Street: urban life and society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Harvey, D. (2008) The Right to the City. New Left Rev 23–40.
Jiang, Q., Luan, C. (2021) How does Street Vending Economy Help Rural to Urban Migrants Integrate into Cities? macro. manag. & public. polic. 3, 29–34. https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v3i3.3599
Kamalipour, H., Peimani, N. (2019) Negotiating Space and Visibility: Forms of Informality in Public Space. Sustainability 11, 4807. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174807
Kim, A.M. (2015) Sidewalk city: remapping public space in Ho Chi Minh City. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago ; London.
Lata, L., Walters, P., Roitman, S. (2019) A marriage of convenience: Street vendors’ everyday accommodation of power in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cities 84, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.08.002
Lefebvre, H. (1974) The Production of Space.
Mandeli, K. (2019) Public space and the challenge of urban transformation in cities of emerging economies: Jeddah case study. Cities 95, 102409. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102409
Massey, D. (1995) Spatial Divisions of Labour: Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Morales, A. (2010) Planning and the Self-Organization of Marketplaces. Journal of Planning Education and Research 30, 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X10386379
NASVI (2014) The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014. National Association of Street Vendors of India.
Nath, M. (2021) Hyderabad: Street vendors in city bear brunt of traffic cops’ “terror.” The Hans India. Available at: https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/hyderabad-street-vendors-in-city-bear-brunt-of-traffic-cops-terror-677354. Accessed on: 29 November 2022.
Peimani, N., Kamalipour, H. (2022) Informal Street Vending: A Systematic Review. Land 11, 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11060829
Recchi, S. (2020) Informal street vending: a comparative literature review. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 41, 805–825. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2020-0285
Sandercock, L., Lyssiotis, P. (2003) Cosmopolis II: mongrel cities in the 21st century. Continuum, London ; New York.
Soja, E.W. (2009) The City and Spatial Justice. Spatial Justice 1, 1–5.
Sultana, Q., Sultana, A. (2021) A Review of the Deterioration of River Musi and its Consequences in Hyderabad City. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology.
Tallavajjula, S. (2023) Evolution of Informal Trade in Old Hyderabad: Investigating Resistance to Acquired Western Urban Planning Interventions. Urbana XXIV, 17–35. https://doi.org/10.47785/urbana.2023.2
Tallavajjula, S. (2020) A City Within: Revitalising an Exploited Slum towards Resilience [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. Manchester School of Architecture, United Kingdom.
Tonkiss, F. (2017) Socialising design? From consumption to production. City 21, 872–882. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2017.1412923
United Nations (ed.) (2016) Leaving no one behind: the imperative of inclusive development, Report on the world social situation. United Nations, New York, NY.
WEIGO (2022) Street Vendor Act: Good on Paper But Is It Working?
Williams, C.C., Gurtoo, A. (2012) Evaluating competing theories of street entrepreneurship: some lessons from a study of street vendors in Bangalore, India. Int Entrep Manag J 8, 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-012-0227-2
Yatmo, Y.A. (2008) Street Vendors as ‘Out of Place’ Urban Elements. Journal of Urban Design 13, 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800802320889
Zukin, S. (1996) The Cultures of Cities, URL https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Cultures+of+Cities-p-9781557864376 (accessed 3.2.24).