##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Stephen Nyagaya
Diana Mwau

Abstract

Public participation in all its forms is continually limited amongst the marginalized, especially those living in informal settlements. While the right to participate in decision-making on policy and development projects is enshrined in state laws, the urban poor continue to be excluded from such activities, thereby limiting their democratic rights. Inadequate public spaces are one factor that minimalizes the urban community’s participation in citywide proposals. Besides, other forms of participation, such as digital engagement, do not reach the urban poor due to the limited digital infrastructure in low-income areas of the city. Attempts to conduct participation in informal settlements see only a few people engaged in those worsening existing inequalities in cities. This article proposes a strategy for designing and implementing digital hubs as vital and vibrant public spaces for youth engagement in informal settlements. It looks beyond the hubs as spaces for merely enhancing digital connection but as spaces that integrate interactive and collaborative activities, thus bringing community members to participate in government decision-making processes and engagement with the community agenda. Taking the case of Mathare informal settlement, the article draws inspiration from the government of Kenya’s plan to establish 1450 digital hubs across all wards in the country. The article proposes a hybridity of activities in the proposed hubs to have both physical and digital engagement methods. Besides participation, the hubs would also be used to promote social health and wellbeing programs through digital literacy training, enterprise development, activism, empowerment, and engagement in remote/online tasks.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
Nyagaya, S. and Mwau, D. (2024) “Digital Public Spaces for Youth Engagement in Informal Settlements: Case Examples from Mathare in Kenya”, The Journal of Public Space, 9(2), pp. 245–258. doi: 10.32891/jps.v9i2.1781.
Section
Non Academic / Case study
Author Biographies

Stephen Nyagaya, Nuvoni Centre for Innovation Research

Stephen Nyagaya is an urban planning and development specialist with 5+ years of experience in research and development planning. His current research interest revolves around urban informality, digitalization, urban resilience, governance and socio-spatial inequalities. He is currently working for Nuvoni Centre for Innovation Research (NCIR) as a Junior Research Associate in the urban development program. He recently co-authored an article titled When Digitalization Hits Informality and it Hits Back: Digital Resilience Strategies in Mathare. This publication explores how the urban poor appropriate digital platforms to respond to shocks and stresses. Further, he is undertaking his postgraduate studies from the University of Nairobi, pursuing Master of Arts in Environmental Policy. His master thesis seeks to explore the governance of digital water technologies in informal settlements of Nairobi City, Kenya. He will be doing poster presentation of the thesis at the 12th Annual International Conference on Sustainable Development in September 2024.

Diana Mwau, Nuvoni Centre for Innovation Research

Diana Mwau is an urban planner with a background in urban development and sustainability, holding a bachelor’s degree in urban and Regional Planning from the University of Nairobi. She works as Research & Communications Assistant at Nuvoni Centre for Innovation Research (NCIR) in Kenya.

References

Anthony Jnr, B. (2023) Sustainable mobility governance in smart cities for urban policy development–a scoping review and conceptual model. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment.

Arnstein, S.R. (1969) A ladder of citizen participation’, Journal of the American Institute of planners, [online], 35(4), pp.216-224. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/bs/10.1080/01944366908977225.

Enwereji, P.C. and Uwizeyimana, D.E. (2020) Enhancing democracy through public participation process during Covid-19 pandemic: A review. Gender & Behaviour, [online], 18(4), pp.16873-16888.

Fransen, J., van Tuijl, E., Harrison Kioko, S., Nyagaya, S.O. and Kiriro, S. (2024) When Digitalisation Hits Informality and it Hits Back. Digital Resilience Strategies in Mathare, Nairobi. SSRN [online]. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4828880

Fredericks, J. (2020) From smart city to smart engagement: Exploring digital and physical interactions for playful city-making. In Making Smart Cities More Playable: Exploring Playable Cities Singapore: Springer, pp.107-128.

Government of Kenya. (2022). The Constitution of Kenya. Available from: https://kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=398

Government of Kenya. (2022) The Kenya National Digital Master Plan 2022-2032. Available from: https://cms.icta.go.ke/sites/default/files/2022-04/Kenya%20Digital%20Masterplan%202022-2032%20Online%20Version.pdf

Head, B.W. (2007) Community engagement: participation on whose terms?. Australian Journal of Political Science, 42(3), pp.441-454.

Heaton, J. and Parlikad, A.K. (2019) A conceptual framework for the alignment of infrastructure assets to citizen requirements within a Smart Cities framework. Cities, 90, pp.32-41.

Hendry, D. (2022) Forecasting two aspects of climate change (part of Forecasting: theory and practice). International Journal of Forecasting, 38(3).

Hofstad, H., Sørensen, E., Torfing, J. and Vedeld, T. (2022) Designing and leading collaborative urban climate governance: Comparative experiences of co-creation from Copenhagen and Oslo. Environmental Policy and Governance, 32(3), pp.203-216.

Karadimitriou, N., Magnani, G., Timmerman, R., Marshall, S. and Hudson-Smith, A. (2022) Designing an incubator of public spaces platform: Applying cybernetic principles to the co-creation of spaces. Land Use Policy, 119, pp.106-187.

Kim, J. (2015) Basic infrastructure services are essential for urbanization–but who will pay?

Makworo, M. and Mireri, C. (2011) Public open spaces in Nairobi City, Kenya, under threat. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 54(8), pp.1107-1123.

Mamokhere, J. and Meyer, D.F. (2023) Towards an exploration of the significance of community participation in the integrated development planning process in South Africa. Social Sciences, 12(5), p.256.

Moallemi, E.A., Malekpour, S., Hadjikakou, M., Raven, R., Szetey, K., Ningrum, D., Dhiaulhaq, A. and Bryan, B.A. (2020) Achieving the sustainable development goals requires transdisciplinary innovation at the local scale. One Earth, 3(3), pp.300-313.

Nijholt, A. (2020) Playful Introduction on “Making Smart Cities More Playable”. Making Smart Cities More Playable: Exploring Playable Cities. Singapore: Springer, pp.1-22.

N’Nuel. (2021) Youth must be engaged in decision making about their communities and cities’ [Online]. Available from: https://mathareonestop.org/2021/07/04/youth-must-be-engaged-in-decision-making-about-their-communities-and-cities/

Paskaleva, K., Evans, J. and Watson, K. (2021) Co-producing smart cities: A Quadruple Helix approach to assessment. European Urban and Regional Studies, 28(4), pp.395-412.

Rijal, S. (2023) The importance of community involvement in public management planning and decision-making processes. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), pp.84-92.

Rivera-Vargas, P. and Miño-Puigcercós, R. (2018) Young people and virtual communities. New ways of learning and of social participation in the digital society. Páginas de Educación, 11(1), pp.67-82.

Rowe, G. and Frewer, L.J. (2004) Evaluating public-participation exercises: a research agenda. Science, technology, & human values, 29(4), pp.512-556.

Rutten, K. (2018) Participation, art and digital culture. Critical Arts, 32(3), pp.1-8.

Sanggoro, H.B., Alisjahbana, S.W. and Mohamad, D. (2022). Influence of project and affected local community interests level on social conflicts in Indonesian infrastructure projects. International Journal of Engineering, 35(7), pp.1217-1226.

Van Stapele, N. (2016) ‘We are not Kenyans’: extra-judicial killings, manhood and citizenship in Mathare, a Nairobi ghetto. Conflict, security & development, 16(4), pp.301-325.

Wamuyu, P.K. (2017) Closing the digital divide in low-income urban communities: A domestication approach. Available from: https://doi.org/10.28945/3885

Watt, S., Higgins, C. and Kendrick, A. (2000) Community participation in the development of services: a move towards community empowerment. Community Development Journal, 35(2), pp.120-132.